After validating the numerical results with the experimental data, a parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects of the wave height, wave period, and the slope of the seawall on the water level fluctuations and the wave reflection coefficient. The results showed that increasing the wave height slightly decreases the reflection coefficient. Meanwhile, a direct relationship was found between the wave height and the water level fluctuations near the wall. Generally, increasing the wave period resulted in higher reflection coefficients and water level fluctuations. Both the reflection coefficient and the water level fluctuations are greatly dependent on the slope of the seawall. Steeper slopes resulted in higher reflection coefficients and lower water level fluctuations near the seawall. The primary goal of constructing a coastal defense structure is to protect berths, maneuvering areas, and port facilities against waves. In a seawall, the energy of the incident wave is dissipated through several mechanisms, including the wave breaking and porous flow in the mound structure, partially reflecting wave to the sea, as well as penetration and overtopping into the port. Vertical impermeable seawalls present a high reflection coefficient of around 90–100%.Īs one of the most critical mechanisms of wave dissipation in a seawall, wave reflection might cause erosion along the face of the structure.
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